Effects of Surface Heat and Moisture Exchange on ARW-WRF Warm-Season Precipitation Forecasts over the Central United States

Impacts of vegetation and groundwater dynamics on warm season precipitation over the Central United States

[1] We investigated the impacts of vegetation and groundwater dynamics on warm season precipitation by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a modified Noah land surface model (LSM). The modified Noah LSM was augmented with an interactive canopy model and a simple groundwater model (SIMGM). A series of experiments performed shows that incorporating vegetation and g...

Warm Season Cloud-to-Ground Lightning–Precipitation Relationships in the South-Central United States

This study examines the relationship between cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and surface precipitation using observations from six regions (each on the order of 10 000 km2), April through October (1989–93), in the southcentral United States. The relationship is evaluated using two different methods. First, regression equations are fit to the data, initially for only the CG lightning flash densit...

short range precipitation forecasts evaluation of wrf model over iran

iran has a complex topography and it consists of rugged, mountainous rims surrounding high interior basins. because of this condition, in some cases the nwp output has a significant error from mesoscale variations induced by the diverse topography.  iran, covering an area of about 1,648,000 km2, is located in the southwest of asia approximately between 25° and 40° n and 44° and 64° e. this is p...

Differing Roles of the Great Plains Low-level Jet in Producing Warm Season Precipitation over the Central United States in 2002

the effects of planning on accuracy and complexity of iranian efl students’ written narrative task performance

this study compared the different effects of form-focused guided planning vs. meaning-focused guided planning on iranian pre-intermediate students’ task performance. the study lasted for three weeks and concentrated on eight english structures. forty five pre-intermediate iranian students were randomly assigned to three groups of guided planning focus-on-form group (gpfg), guided planning focus...